美国称俄罗斯黑客侵入美国电力公司控制

The Russian hackers, who worked for a shadowy state-sponsored group previously identified as Dragonfly or Energetic Bear, broke into supposedly secure, “air-gapped” or isolated networks owned by utilities with relative ease by first penetrating the networks of key vendors who had trusted relationships with the power companies, said officials at the Department of Homeland Security.

美国国土安全部官员称，为一个行踪隐秘的政府资助组织（之前被确认为Dragonfly或Energetic Bear黑客组织）工作的俄罗斯黑客相当轻松地侵入了被认为安全的电力公司“气隙”（即受到隔离保护的）网络，他们的做法是首先渗透主要供应商的网络，而这些供应商已与电力公司建立信任关系。

“They got to the point where they could have thrown switches” and disrupted power flows, said Jonathan Homer, chief of industrial-control-system analysis for DHS.

美国国土安全部工业控制系统分析主管Jonathan Homer说，黑客们找到了可以打开开关、切断电力的方法。

DHS has been warning utility executives with security clearances about the Russian group’s threat to critical infrastructure since 2014. But the briefing on Monday was the first time that DHS has given out information in an unclassified setting with as much detail. It continues to withhold the names of victims but now says there were hundreds of victims, not a few dozen as had been said previously.

自2014年以来，美国国土安全部不断提醒公用事业公司管理层留意安全检查，因为该俄罗斯黑客组织曾扬言攻击美国关键的基础设施。不过周一的简报是美国国土安全部第一次如此详细地以非保密的方式披露信息。该部门仍没有提到受害者的名字，但现在表示存在数以百计的受害者，而不是像之前所说的那样只有几十个。

It also said some companies still may not know they have been compromised, because the attacks used credentials of actual employees to get inside utility networks, potentially making the intrusions more difficult to detect.

美国国土安全部还指出，一些企业也许还不知道自己被入侵了，因为这类攻击利用企业实际员工的身份验证进入内部公用设施网络，这可能使得入侵更难以察觉。

Experts have been warning about the Russian threat for some time.

过去一段时间里，专家们不断就俄罗斯威胁发出警告。

“They’ve been intruding into our networks and are positioning themselves for a limited or widespread attack,” said Michael Carpenter, former deputy assistant secretary of defense, who now is a senior director at the Penn Biden Center at the University of Pennsylvania. “They are waging a covert war on the West.”

美国国防部副助理部长Michael Carpenter说：“他们一直在入侵必赢的网络，时刻准备发起一次有限的或广泛的攻击。他们正在对西方发起一场隐秘战争。”Carpenter目前在宾夕法尼亚大学拜登外交和全球事务中心担任高级主任。